Electric Vehicles Emerging Technologies

Cell balancing

 

difference between active and passive cell balancing

 An efficient cell_balancing system preserves the desired level of battery production throughout the life of the battery with a proper safety margin, without adding unnecessary cost, weight, or complexity. Balancing is the process of equalizing the level of charge in lithium-ion cells on a cell-by-cell basis. There are two ways to do cell balancing such as active cell balancing and passive cell balancing.

In case of passive equalizing method, the state of charge of each cell will be equal to the state of charge of cell 03 because it has low SOC. The energy present in cell 01, 02, and 04 will be wasted or dissipated through a resistor to make each cell SOC equal. 

The primary advantage of any of these types of passive balancing is the simplicity (and hence, lower cost) of the circuitry involved, compared with active balancing designs. The drawbacks are: Energy is wasted as heat, which could be otherwise used productively, Heat is generated. For fast balancing, more heat is generated, and Battery pack life could be shorter with respect to a pack with an active balancing design.

OEM EV Charger

 

Electric vehicle charging per kilometre 60 paise

 

The Ministry of Power has previously announced new EV charging infrastructure standards and guidelines. In compliance with the rules, the state government has fixed the ceiling cost of service charges to be charged by electric vehicle public charging stations. It approved the Rs 12.06 + applicable GST service cost maximum for electric vehicle rates covered by State/Central subsidies.
it is still less expensive than petrol and diesel. “It costs Rs 300 if any four-wheeler takes 25 units to completely charge their cars.” “You can’t even get three litres of petrol with the same quantity of petrol,”

Car comparison between petrol, diesel and electric vehicles

If the price of petrol is considered at Rs 100 per litre and mileage is considered 16 km per litre, the cost of the car, per kilometre, will be about Rs 6.25.

If the price of diesel is considered at Rs 95 per litre and mileage is considered 22 km per litre, the cost of the car, per kilometre, will be around Rs 4.31. 

 Whereas, an electric vehicle requires 30.2 units of electricity on being full charged, therefore if we consider Rs. 6 per unit as the electricity cost then it would cost Rs 181.2 for getting charged fully and then it would run for about 300km. In this way, its cost per kilometre will be close to 60 paise.

 The cost of charging an electric vehicle (EV) in Mumbai would work out to Rs 15 per unit, according to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). As per their calculations, an electric car would take anywhere between 20 and 30 units to be fully charged and it would cost the user Rs 200 to Rs 400.

 In Delhi, the government has fixed Rs 4.5 per unit for low tension charging of e-vehicles and Rs 5 per unit for high tension EVs. There would be a service charge based on the charging facility also. So it would cost anywhere between Rs 120 and Rs 150 for a fully charged EV.

 As per the infrastructure guidelines set by the government, it is compulsory to set an EV Charging station at every 3km in cities and 25kms on Highways on both sides. For long-range and heavy-duty vehicles, there should be a charging station at every 100kms on both sides of the road (mostly Highways).

 

Cost of Setting Electric Charging Station in India

            Cost of setting EV charging station in India varies from Rs. 1 Lakh to Rs. 40 Lakhs depending on the types of chargers and investment one is willing to make. However, considering a broader scenario and a supply of 250KVA EV Station below is the estimate.

Charger Type	CCS – 60kW	CHAdeMO – 60kW	Type 2 AC – 7/22kW	Bharat DC-001 – GB/T	Bharat AC-001
Approximate Cost	12,50,000	12,50,000	1,00,000	2,40,000	60,000

 

• New Electricity Connection (250 KVA): 7,50,000 /-
• Civil Works: 2,50,000 /-
• EVSE Management Software + Integration: 40,000 /-
• Technicians, Manpower, Maintenance etc: 3,50,000 /- yearly
• Advertising and Promotion: 50,000 /-
• Land Lease (if the land is at lease): 6,00,000 /- yearly

Total Approximate: Rs. 40,00,000 /- (First year including setup and if the land is at lease)
Annual maintenance from the second year: Rs. 10,00,000 /- (Including land lease)

Minimum Infrastructure Requirement for EV Charging Station

1. A transformer with subsequent substation must be installed along with safety equipment
2. For the purpose of metering/ termination, there should be a 33/11KV Cable with related equipment.
3. Appropriate Civil works should be there
4. There should be adequate space for charging and Entry / Exit of Vehicles
5. Necessary local certifications, if any required. (Varies state to state)

Understanding the Business (Revenue Model)

        Revenue projections are something which we do not have control on. But we can assume a scenario and work out a feasible projection for the next 5 years.

If we take the above investment of Rs. 40 Lakhs, we get approximate of 500-1000 kWh per day EV power for consumption.